What contaminants are commonly found in backcountry water?

Bacterial Contaminants

Giardia and cryptosporidium are two of the most common waterborne pathogens found in backcountry water. Giardia can survive in water for up to 2 years, while cryptosporidium can survive for up to 6 months. To remove these pathogens, use a water filter with a pore size of 0.2 microns or smaller, such as a Sawyer Mini or MSR TrailShot. Water purification tablets or bleach can also be effective, but may not remove all contaminants.

Chemical Contaminants

Heavy metals, pesticides, and other chemicals can contaminate backcountry water due to agricultural runoff, industrial activities, or natural sources. To remove these contaminants, use a water filter with activated carbon, such as a LifeStraw or MSR TrailShot. Activated carbon can remove up to 99% of chemicals and heavy metals, but may not remove all bacteria and viruses. It’s also essential to test water quality before consumption to ensure it meets safe drinking standards.

Treatment Techniques

To ensure safe drinking water, use a combination of treatment techniques, such as filtering and disinfecting. Boiling water for 1-3 minutes can kill most bacteria and viruses, but may not remove all contaminants. Use a portable stove or camping stove to boil water, and let it cool before consumption. When camping, always test water quality before consumption and use a water filter or purification tablets as an additional precaution.