Quick Answer
Severe hypothermia requires immediate and proper first aid to prevent mortality. Effective first aid techniques include rewarming the victim's core body temperature, preventing afterdrop, and providing a stable environment. First aid responders should be trained in recognizing the signs and symptoms of severe hypothermia.
Recognizing Severe Hypothermia
Recognize severe hypothermia by observing the victim’s behavior, body temperature, and physical condition. A body temperature below 95°F (35°C) is indicative of severe hypothermia. Other signs include confusion, disorientation, loss of coordination, and slurred speech. The victim may also experience cardiac arrest, respiratory failure, or muscle stiffness.
Rewarming Techniques
For severe hypothermia, use the “Warm and Dry” method to rewarm the victim. Remove wet clothing and replace it with dry, warm clothing. Use a warm blanket or emergency blanket to maintain body heat. For core rewarming, use warm water immersion (WUI) in a temperature-controlled bath at 104°F (40°C) to 107°F (42°C). Monitor the victim’s temperature and adjust the water temperature as needed. Avoid rewarming the victim too quickly, as this can lead to afterdrop.
Preventing Aftersdrop
Aftersdrop occurs when the victim’s body temperature drops again after rewarming. To prevent aftersdrop, keep the victim’s body temperature between 96°F (35.5°C) and 98°F (36.7°C) during rewarming. Monitor the victim’s temperature closely and adjust the rewarming method as needed. Additionally, administer medications such as dopamine, norepinephrine, or epinephrine to maintain blood pressure and cardiac function.
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