Quick Answer
Hypothermia first aid in outdoor survival involves rapidly warming the body, usually through removal of wet clothing, use of insulated blankets, and administration of warm liquids. The goal is to raise the body temperature to 95°F (35°C) within 30 minutes and prevent further heat loss. Hypothermic individuals should be moved to a sheltered area for warmth.
Assessing Hypothermia
Assess the individual’s level of hypothermia using the “umbles”: stumbles, mumbles, grumbles, or slumbers. Each level indicates a different temperature range: 95-90°F (35-32°C) for stumbling, 90-85°F (32-29°C) for mumbling, 85-80°F (29-27°C) for grumbling, and below 80°F (27°C) for slumbering. This helps determine the severity of the condition and guide treatment.
Warming the Hypothermic Individual
Removal of wet clothing and use of insulated blankets are essential in warming the body. Dry clothing, especially base layers, should be provided to prevent further heat loss. Avoid the use of hot water or direct heat, as this can cause burns. Instead, use warm liquids such as tea or soup to raise body temperature. Monitor the individual’s temperature and adjust the warming technique accordingly. Rehydration is also crucial, using electrolyte-rich drinks like sports drinks to replace lost salts.
Preventing Further Heat Loss
To prevent further heat loss, the individual should be moved to a sheltered area, ideally with a windbreak and insulation. A space blanket or emergency bivvy sack can be used to retain body heat. The individual should be positioned in a warm, stable environment, avoiding exposure to wind, rain, or cold surfaces. Repeatedly check the individual’s vital signs and adjust the warming technique as necessary.
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