Quick Answer
Short answer: Using unfiltered water in the wild can lead to waterborne illnesses such as giardiasis, cryptosporidiosis, and cholera. These illnesses can be caused by bacteria, viruses, and parasites present in contaminated water. In extreme cases, untreated water can be fatal.
Waterborne Pathogens
Unfiltered water contains a wide range of pathogens, including bacteria like E. coli and Campylobacter, viruses like norovirus and rotavirus, and parasites like Giardia and Cryptosporidium. The Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) estimate that 80% of the world’s population is at risk of contracting a waterborne illness. In the US alone, waterborne illnesses cause an estimated 19 million cases of illness each year, resulting in over 3,000 deaths.
Filtration Techniques
There are several improvised filtration techniques that can be used to make unfiltered water drinkable. One method is to use a sand filter, which can remove up to 99% of bacteria and viruses. To create a sand filter, dig a hole 2-3 feet deep and fill it with 1-2 inches of sand. Add a layer of small rocks or gravel on top of the sand, followed by a layer of charcoal. This will help to remove particulate matter and improve the taste of the water.
Boiling and Disinfection
Another method for treating unfiltered water is to boil it for 1-3 minutes, depending on the elevation and water temperature. This will kill 99.9% of bacteria, viruses, and parasites. However, boiling may not be practical in all situations, such as in areas where fuel is scarce or in extreme cold temperatures. In these cases, disinfection using chlorine or iodine tablets can be an effective alternative. These tablets can be purchased at most outdoor stores or online, and are a convenient and portable option for treating unfiltered water.
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