Quick Answer
A well-tilled bow exhibits a uniform thickness, consistent grain pattern, and smooth, even surfaces along the length of the stave, with no knots or imperfections.
Choosing the Right Stave
When selecting a stave for a well-tilled bow, look for straight-grained, knot-free sections of wood, ideally between 30 and 60 inches in length. The diameter of the stave should be between 1 and 2 inches, depending on the desired bow size and draw weight. Check for any signs of warping or twisting, and opt for a stave with a consistent color and texture throughout.
The Tilling Process
To till a stave, start by marking the centerline with a straightedge or knife, and then use a drawknife or spokeshave to remove any imperfections or unevenness. Till the stave in sections, working from the center outwards, to maintain a uniform thickness and prevent the stave from becoming too thin or too thick. Use a series of 10 to 15 passes to achieve the desired shape, checking the stave’s straightness and evenness after each pass.
Final Shaping and Sinew Backing
Once the stave has been tilled, use a drawknife or spokeshave to refine the shape and smooth out any remaining imperfections. Next, apply a thin layer of sinew backing to the stave, using a mixture of rawhide and plant fiber to create a strong, flexible backing. Use a series of 5 to 7 wraps to achieve the desired level of tension and stability, checking the bow’s straightness and evenness after each wrap.
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