Quick Answer
Improperly bonded neutrals can lead to electrical shock or electrocution, damage to equipment, and even fires.
Electrical Shock Risk
Improperly bonded neutrals create a pathway for electrical current to flow to ground, but not in a controlled manner. This can occur when the neutral wire is not properly connected to the grounding system, or if the grounding system is inadequate. As a result, electrical current can flow to ground through unintended paths, posing a significant risk to people and equipment. In fact, the National Electric Code (NEC) requires that the neutral wire be bonded to the grounding system at the service equipment, usually a main breaker panel.
Equipment Damage and Failure
When neutrals are not properly bonded, they can cause equipment damage and failure. For example, if a neutral wire is not bonded to the grounding system, it can cause a voltage differential between the neutral and the grounding system. This can lead to overvoltage conditions that can damage or destroy electrical equipment, including generators, electrical panels, and electrical motors. Furthermore, a poorly bonded neutral can also cause equipment to malfunction or fail prematurely, leading to costly repairs and downtime.
Fire Hazard and Prevention
A poorly bonded neutral can also create a fire hazard by causing overheating or arcing between electrical components. This can occur when electrical current flows through a poorly bonded neutral, causing voltage drops and heat buildup. To prevent this, it is essential to ensure that the neutral wire is properly bonded to the grounding system at the service equipment. Additionally, regular inspections and maintenance of electrical systems can help identify and address any issues related to improperly bonded neutrals.
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