Quick Answer
The sun appears to rise in the same general location every day, but its position changes slightly throughout the year due to Earth's tilt on its axis.
Understanding Earth’s Axial Tilt
Earth’s axial tilt is approximately 23.5 degrees. This tilt causes the position of the sun to shift in the sky relative to a fixed location on Earth throughout the year. The sun’s apparent shift is most pronounced at the equinoxes (March 20/21 and September 22/23) and least pronounced at the solstices (June 20/21 and December 21/22).
Navigating with the Sun
The sun’s position can be used as a navigational aid, but its accuracy depends on the latitude and time of year. In the tropics, the sun’s position is relatively consistent throughout the year, but at higher latitudes, the sun’s path across the sky changes more dramatically. To use the sun for navigation, it’s essential to know the approximate latitude and time of year to estimate the sun’s position.
Using a Sun Compass
A sun compass is a simple tool used to estimate the direction of south by tracking the sun’s shadow. To use a sun compass, create a vertical stick and mark the end of its shadow with a small rock. Wait for some time, and mark the new end of the shadow. Draw a line between the two marks, and the midpoint will approximate south. This technique is most accurate within 30 minutes of local solar noon.
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