Quick Answer
A tornado can potentially destroy a basement if it is poorly constructed, located in an area prone to high winds, or subjected to a high category EF3 or higher tornado.
Tornado-Resistant Basements
A well-designed and reinforced basement can provide a safe haven from tornadoes. To maximize its chances of withstanding a tornado, the basement should be built with a reinforced concrete slab, poured at least 8 inches thick, and surrounded by 6-8 inches of reinforced concrete walls. The doors should be made of solid core or steel, and the basement should be equipped with a secure, locked entry system. Furthermore, the basement should be designed to withstand flying debris and extreme wind pressures.
Basement Safety Features
Key safety features of a tornado-resistant basement include a reinforced roof, a secure entry system, and a means of communication with the outside world, such as a two-way radio or a phone. The basement should also be equipped with a reliable source of light, a first aid kit, and a supply of non-perishable food and water. Additionally, the basement should be designed to minimize the risk of flooding and have a plan in place for emergency evacuation.
Alternatives to Basements
If a basement is not an option, other safe areas in the home can provide temporary shelter. The interior room or closet without windows, often referred to as a “safe room,” can provide a safe haven from tornadoes. This room should be built with reinforced walls and a solid core door, and should be located in an interior area of the home, away from windows and exterior walls. Mobile homes are not suitable for tornadoes, and occupants should seek shelter in a nearby building or lie flat in a low-lying area, such as a ditch or depression. After a tornado, it is essential to exercise extreme caution when exiting the shelter, as debris and hazards may be present.
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