Quick Answer
A burn needs medical intervention if it covers a large area of the body, is deeper than the top layer of skin, or occurs on the face, hands, feet, or genitals. It also requires medical attention if the person experiences severe pain, difficulty breathing, or chills. If you're unsure, err on the side of caution and seek medical help.
Assessing Burn Severity
To determine if a burn needs medical intervention, assess its severity by evaluating the size and depth of the burn. For partial-thickness burns, which affect the top two layers of skin, consider the “Rule of Nines” to estimate the burn’s size: 9% of the body is in each limb (arms and legs), 18% in the front and back of the torso, and 9% in the head and neck. A burn covering 15% or more of the body’s surface area requires medical attention.
Signs of Infection and Other Complications
Look for signs of infection, such as redness, swelling, increased pain, and discharge, which may indicate a more serious burn. Also, be aware of potential complications like dehydration, which can arise from excessive fluid loss due to the burn. Monitor the person’s vital signs, including temperature, pulse, and breathing rate, to detect early signs of infection or other complications.
What to Do Before Medical Help Arrives
If you’re in a remote area or can’t get to a hospital immediately, follow basic first aid principles to prevent infection and promote healing. Cool the burn with lukewarm water for 10-15 minutes, then apply a sterile bandage or dressing. Elevate the affected area above heart level to reduce swelling. Do not apply ice, butter, or other home remedies, as they can cause further damage or delay healing.
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