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Apple trees in a food forest benefit from companion plants like nitrogen-fixing legumes, comfrey, and garlic, which provide nutrients and repel pests. These plants can be integrated into the orchard through polyculture and permaculture techniques. They enhance biodiversity and ecosystem services.
Companion Crops for Apple Trees
When designing a food forest, companion plants can play a crucial role in supporting the health and productivity of apple trees. One of the most effective companion crops is comfrey (Symphytum officinale), which acts as a fertilizer plant by releasing nutrients into the soil. Plant comfrey around the base of the apple tree, and it will provide a rich source of nutrients through its deep taproots. Aim for a ratio of 1 part comfrey to 3 parts apple trees.
Repelling Pests with Companion Plants
Garlic (Allium sativum) is another valuable companion crop for apple trees. Garlic repels aphids, spider mites, and other pests that can damage apple trees. Plant garlic around the perimeter of the orchard or near the base of the apple tree. For optimal benefits, plant 6-8 garlic cloves per square meter. Additionally, plant daffodils (Narcissus pseudonarcissus) near the perimeter of the orchard, as they repel rodents that might damage the trees.
Integrating Legumes into the Orchard
Nitrogen-fixing legumes like beans, peas, and clover can be integrated into the apple orchard through polyculture and permaculture techniques. Plant these legumes in a guild around the apple tree, using a ratio of 1 part legume to 2 parts apple trees. This will create a symbiotic relationship between the plants, where the legumes provide nutrients to the apple trees in exchange for support and shade. By incorporating these companion plants into the orchard, you can create a diverse and resilient food forest ecosystem.
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