How To Assess Avalanche Risk Before Heading Out?

Evaluating Weather Conditions

When assessing avalanche risk, start by examining current and forecasted weather conditions. Check the snowpack’s temperature and moisture levels, as well as wind direction and speed. Be aware that warm air and rain can increase the risk of avalanches, while cold air and light snowfall can reduce it. In general, snowpack stability decreases when the snowpack temperature is between +1°C and +10°C (34°F to 50°F). Use a snowpack thermometer to measure temperature changes.

Assessing Terrain Conditions

Next, evaluate terrain conditions, including slope angle, aspect, and elevation. Steeper slopes (greater than 30°) are generally more prone to avalanches than gentler slopes (less than 20°). Also, be aware that north-facing slopes receive less solar radiation and are typically colder and more stable than south-facing slopes. When assessing slope elevation, consider the snowpack’s depth and consistency, as higher elevations often have deeper, less stable snowpacks.

Putting It All Together

To determine potential avalanche danger, combine your weather and terrain assessments using the Avalanche Danger Scale, which rates avalanche danger from Low to Extreme. For example, if the weather forecast indicates a warm, moist snowpack and the terrain assessment reveals a steep, south-facing slope, the potential avalanche danger would be High. When in doubt, consult local avalanche forecasts, and consider visiting with an experienced guide or taking an avalanche safety course to improve your assessment skills.