Can Drilled Wells Run Dry During Droughts?

Factors Contributing to Well Running Dry

During droughts, the water table can drop significantly, causing wells to run dry. This is more likely to happen if the well is drilled into a shallow aquifer, which may not have sufficient storage to withstand long periods of drought. In areas with low precipitation and high evaporation rates, it’s essential to consider the aquifer’s characteristics and recharge rate when deciding whether to drill a well. A well drilled to a depth of 100-150 feet may not be as reliable as one drilled to 300-400 feet, especially in arid regions.

Well Design and Pump Selection

To minimize the risk of well running dry, it’s crucial to design the well and select the right pump. A submersible pump is often a better choice than a jet pump, as it can handle lower water levels and reduce the risk of airlocks. The size of the pump should be matched to the expected water yield, and it’s essential to consider a pump with a high suction lift capability to ensure reliable operation at low water levels. A well with a large diameter (8-10 inches) can also help to reduce the risk of running dry, as it allows for more water to be extracted from the aquifer.

Permitting and Maintenance

Before drilling a well, it’s essential to obtain the necessary permits and follow local regulations. This includes conducting a site assessment, drilling the well to the correct depth, and installing a suitable pump and casing. Regular maintenance is also critical to ensure the well remains functional and to prevent contamination. This includes testing the water quality, inspecting the pump and casing, and performing routine cleaning and descaling operations to maintain the well’s integrity.