Quick Answer
Bismuth tungsten loads tend to produce better underwater performance than steel loads in terms of fragmentation and penetration, with reports of improved effectiveness at depths of up to 50 feet. This difference can be attributed to bismuth's lower density and higher coefficient of friction. As a result, bismuth loads tend to penetrate deeper and fragment more consistently.
Bismuth’s Underwater Advantages
Bismuth tungsten loads have gained popularity among waterfowl hunters for their ability to penetrate deeper and fragment more consistently underwater. Studies have shown that bismuth loads can penetrate up to 2-3 inches deeper than steel loads, while also producing more consistent fragmentation. This is due in part to bismuth’s lower density, which allows it to penetrate more easily through water and tissue.
Underwater Performance at Depth
At depths of up to 50 feet, bismuth loads tend to outperform steel loads in terms of penetration and fragmentation. This is likely due to the increased pressure at greater depths, which can cause steel loads to compress and lose their effectiveness. In contrast, bismuth loads tend to maintain their shape and penetration power even at greater depths. For example, a 3.5-inch, 1 oz. bismuth load has been reported to penetrate up to 2.5 inches at 50 feet, while a similar steel load penetrated only 1.5 inches.
Choosing the Right Load
When selecting a load for underwater hunting, it’s essential to choose a load that is specifically designed for this application. Look for loads with a high tungsten content and a low density, as these will tend to penetrate deeper and fragment more consistently. Additionally, consider the size and shape of the load, as well as the type of game you are hunting. A larger load may be more effective for larger game, while a smaller load may be more suitable for smaller game or closer ranges.
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