Quick Answer
To test well water quality at home, you'll need a water testing kit or send a sample to a certified laboratory, which can provide pH, bacteria, nitrates, and other contaminant tests. Consider testing your well water every 6-12 months or when you notice a change in taste, odor, or color. Keep detailed records of your test results for future reference.
Collecting a Water Sample
To collect a water sample, first turn off the pump and let the well sit idle for at least 30 minutes to allow any sediment to settle. Next, attach a clean, wide-mouthed bottle to the faucet or sampling valve and fill it to the recommended level, usually about 1/4 full. Make sure to label the bottle with the date, time, well name, and any other relevant information.
Water Testing Kits and Laboratory Analysis
Water testing kits can be purchased online or at local hardware stores and come in various levels of complexity and cost. These kits usually test for pH, bacteria, nitrates, and total dissolved solids. If you prefer more comprehensive testing, send a sample to a certified laboratory, which can perform tests for heavy metals, pesticides, and other contaminants. When selecting a laboratory, look for one that is certified by a reputable organization, such as the National Environmental Laboratory Accreditation Program (NELAP).
Record Keeping and Maintenance
Keep detailed records of your test results, including the date, time, and type of test performed. This will help you track any changes in your well water quality over time. In addition to regular testing, maintain your well and its surrounding area to prevent contamination. This includes regularly inspecting the well casing and cap, checking for signs of animal intrusion, and ensuring the area around the well is free of debris and chemicals.
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