Quick Answer
Temperature, humidity, and light exposure are primary climate factors affecting seed viability during storage. Extreme temperatures, high humidity, and direct light can damage or kill seeds.
Temperature and Seed Storage
Temperature is the most significant climate factor affecting seed viability. Most seeds are sensitive to high temperatures above 75°F (24°C) and low temperatures below 40°F (4°C). To extend seed viability, store seeds in a cool, dark place with a consistent temperature between 40°F (4°C) and 60°F (15°C). For example, storing seeds in a refrigerator at 40°F (4°C) can double their lifespan.
Humidity and Seed Storage
Humidity also plays a crucial role in seed storage. Seeds absorb moisture from the air, which can cause fungal growth and seed deterioration. To maintain optimal humidity levels, store seeds in airtight containers or bags with a desiccant, such as silica gel or activated charcoal. The ideal humidity level for seed storage is between 5% and 10%. You can achieve this by storing seeds in a dry, cool environment or using a desiccant.
Light Exposure and Seed Storage
Light exposure can also damage seeds, especially those with sensitive embryos. Direct sunlight can cause seeds to germinate prematurely, leading to seed degradation. Store seeds in a dark location, such as a cupboard or drawer, to prevent light exposure. If you must store seeds in a sunny location, use a dark-colored container or cover the container with a light-blocking material, such as aluminum foil.
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