What are Long-Term Effects of CWD on Deer Populations?

CWD Prevalence and Fawn Survival

Chronic wasting disease (CWD) has been detected in over 30 states and several Canadian provinces, affecting white-tailed deer, mule deer, and other cervid species. CWD prevalence can be as high as 30% in heavily affected areas, leading to declines in fawn survival rates. Research suggests that for every 10% increase in CWD prevalence, fawn survival rates decrease by 1-2%. This can result in a 20-40% decline in fawn recruitment over time.

Population Decline and Age Structure

As CWD prevalence increases, older, diseased deer begin to dominate populations. This can lead to a shift in age structure, with more older deer present and fewer younger deer. In areas with high CWD prevalence, populations can decline by 50% or more over a 10-15 year period. The loss of younger deer can also disrupt the population’s ability to recover from hunting pressure and other mortality factors.

Management Implications

To mitigate the effects of CWD, wildlife managers can implement strategies such as reducing hunting pressure on older deer, increasing fawn production through habitat management, and monitoring CWD prevalence through targeted sampling. Additionally, educating hunters and the public about CWD risks and best management practices can help slow the disease’s spread. Effective management requires a long-term commitment to monitoring and adapting to the changing demographics of affected deer populations.