Quick Answer
In the wilderness, the stars, sun, moss, and natural navigation landmarks can help you find north. The sun rises in the east and sets in the west, while the moss on trees often grows thicker on the north side due to increased humidity. A stick shadow can also indicate north at noon when the shadow points towards the end of the shadow that's parallel to the direction of the sun's path.
Natural Navigation Landmarks
Finding north without a compass can be achieved by observing natural landmarks. The moss on trees often grows thicker on the north side, while the lichen grows on the south side. This is due to increased humidity and temperature on the north side, which allows moss to thrive. To use this method, find a large tree with a thick layer of moss growing on its trunk, branches, or roots. In North America, this method can be accurate within a 10-20° margin.
Stellar Navigation
The North Star, also known as Polaris, is visible in the night sky and helps navigate the way to north. To find Polaris, locate the Big Dipper constellation and draw an imaginary line through the two stars at the end of the “bowl.” Extend this line and find the North Star, which will be located about 30° above the North Celestial Pole. This method can be accurate within a 1-5° margin.
Shadow Stick Method
At noon, when the sun is highest in the sky, create a stick shadow by placing a straight stick in the ground. Mark the end of the shadow with a small rock. Wait for 15-20 minutes and mark the new end of the shadow. Draw a line between the two marks, and the midpoint of this line will point towards south. By knowing that south is opposite north, you can then locate north. This method can be accurate within a 10-20° margin.
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