Can You Sell Raw Milk Online Across State Lines?

States Permitted to Sell Raw Milk

Some states permit raw milk sales within their borders, but the majority do not allow it, including California, Florida, and New York. According to the USDA, in 2020, 29 states allowed raw milk sales in some form, including Idaho, Michigan, and Wisconsin. Key states that permit raw milk sales include Texas and Oklahoma, which allow sales to consumers through dairy co-ops or farmers’ markets.

Licensing and Handling Requirements

In states where raw milk sales are permitted, dairy farmers and processors must adhere to specific licensing, testing, and handling regulations to minimize the risk of bacterial contamination. For example, in Idaho, dairy farmers must obtain a Grade A dairy permit and test their raw milk for bacterial contaminants such as E. coli and Salmonella. In Michigan, raw milk sellers must obtain a Grade A dairy permit, maintain records of milk production and testing, and undergo regular inspections. In Texas, raw milk sellers must obtain a Grade A dairy permit and adhere to specific labeling requirements.

Interstate Raw Milk Sales

Interstate raw milk sales are heavily restricted due to FDA regulations, which prohibit the sale of raw milk across state lines. The FDA requires that raw milk be pasteurized before interstate distribution, as it is considered a potential food safety risk. However, some states, like California, permit the sale of raw milk to consumers within the state, while prohibiting its sale across state lines. As a result, dairy farmers and processors seeking to sell raw milk across state lines must navigate a complex web of state and federal regulations, often with varying requirements and permits needed.