Transporting Heatstroke Victim: Best Practices For First Responders?

Pre-Transport Assessment and Preparation

Before moving the heatstroke victim, assess their airway, breathing, and circulation (ABCs). Clear the airway by tilting the head and lifting the chin, and ensure the victim is breathing normally. If the victim is not breathing, initiate CPR if trained to do so. Next, cool the victim by placing ice packs or cold compresses on pulse points (neck, armpits, and groin). This can be done using pre-packaged cold gel packs or even wet towels. Keep the vehicle window partially open (about 2-3 inches) to provide ventilation and help dissipate heat.

Transport and Continuation of Cooling

During transport, maintain a calm environment by keeping the vehicle quiet and at a moderate temperature. Avoid further exertion by having the victim lie flat on their back, with their head slightly elevated (about 6-8 inches). Monitor the victim’s vital signs, including temperature, pulse, and breathing rate, to track the effectiveness of cooling efforts. If the victim’s temperature has not dropped by 1-2°F (0.5-1°C) within 15-20 minutes of cooling, or if they experience cardiac arrest, seek immediate medical attention.

Medical Intervention and Continuing Care

Upon arrival at the medical facility, continue cooling efforts with evaporative cooling methods, such as wetting the victim’s clothing and using fans to speed evaporation. Administer intravenous fluids to help lower the victim’s body temperature and prevent dehydration. Monitor the victim’s neurological status, including their level of consciousness and responsiveness. If the victim experiences seizures or becomes unconscious, administer oxygen and continue cooling efforts until medical professionals arrive.